Doppler indices in fetoplacental and uteroplacental circulation at 22 weeks of gestation

Doppler has revolutionized the field of obstetrics since its introduction in late 1950's. Useful information is obtained during second half of pregnancy and pregnancies with high resistance can be determined. A total number of 100 patients were studied in Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from 01 June 2002 to 25 January 2003. Normal pregnant women with 20 weeks of gestation, from all socioeconomic strata and singleton pregnancy were included in the study. Doppler examination was performed and the range of normal indices determined from all the four vessels. Descriptive statistical analysis of data was carried out. For umbilical artery mean PI was 1.48 [range = 0.92-1.91] RI was 0.78 [range = 0.64-0.84] S/D ratio was 4.68 [range = 3.84-5.6] For uterine artery mean PI was 1.18 [range = 0.69-1.86] RI was 0.54 [range = 0.44-0.66] and S/D ratio was 2.18 [range = 1.92-2.36] for fetal aorta mean PI was 1.94 [range = 1.54-2.42] RI was 0.80 [range = 0.68-0.88] S/D ratio was 6.22 [range = 3.18-6.94]. For MCH PI was 1.86 [range = 1.44-2.30] RI was 0.84 [range = 0.72-0.88] S/D ratio was 5.64 [range = 3.22-7.1]. The determined range of Doppler indices in our study varies as compared to international data. This variation equipment used difference in time of gestation and site of vessel under study

Mammographic and sonographic features in carcinoma breast

The most common malignant disease among the females is carcinoma breast. Its management requires team effort, in which modern imaging techniques play an important rote, in diagnosis and assessing the severity of disease. A total number of 71 patients were studied from 01 January 2000 to 30 August 2001 at CMH Rawalpindi. The age range was 19-65 years. Duration of disease ranged from 2-6 months. Sixty three patients were married and eight were unmarried. On mammogram, the lesion pick up rate was 88%, that is 62 out of 71 patients. Mostly the lesion appeared as dense irregular mass. False negative cases were seen in patient s with dense glandular breasts. On ultrasound, lesion pick up rate was 93%, that is 66 out of 71 patients. In most of cases lesion appeared as solid hypoechoeic or heterogeneous mass with irregular margins and posterior shadowing. It is concluded that when the mammography and sonography are used simultaneously the diagnostic yield is very high, that is, in 85% of cases, there is agreement of findings. It is also concluded that the mammographic and sonographic features of Ca breast are not 100% diagnostic and false negative cases do exist

Correlation between type of leprosy and specific and non-spcific bone lesions

This study is probably one of its kinds in Pakistan, in which radiological assessment was done in order to find out which type of leprosy has higher frequency of specific and non-specific bone lesions. Forty four patients of leprosy were selected after clinical and laboratory tests. They comprised lepromatous [LL], borderline lepromatous [BL], borderline tuberculoid [BT] and indeterminate [polyneurotic][IL] types of leprosy. The lepromatous [LL] and borderline tuberculoid [BT] showed maximum specific and nonspecific bone lesions in hands and feet. The radiologist has seldom any role in making initial diagnosis, but has got a vital part to play in assessing the disease activity and extent of bone involvement. In cases of lepromatous and borderline tuberculoid type of leprosy, it is advisable to have serial X-rays of hands and feet routinely to detect any bone lesions and associated complications to help the surgeons in planning reconstructive surgery and rehabilitation

Evaluation of prostatic diseases with transrectal ultrasonography

A study was conducted in radiology department CMH Rawalpindi to determine the role of transrectal ultrasonography in the evaluation of prostatic diseases. A total of 78 cases were examined with transrectal ultrasound probe and later followed for histopathological findings. Transrectal ultrasound was found correct in 51 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia and 16 cases of prostatic carcinoma. Two cases of prostatitis with prostatic abscess were also noted. The sensitivity and positive predictive value for prostatic carcinoma in our study were 80% and 76.19% respectively. In 16 cases of prostatic carcinoma, the digital rectal examination was positive in only 08 cases and raised serum prostate specific antigen were noted in 13 cases. In view of this study, it is recommended that transrectal ultrasonography should be adopted for pre-operative assessment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, diagnosis / staging of prostatic carcinoma and in all clinically suspected cases of prostatic abscess

Comparative study of radiologic examinations and the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in diagnosis and staging of gastric masses

A study was conducted in the Radiology Department, CMH Rawalpindi to evaluate the role of different radiological modalities and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in the diagnosis of the gastric masses and staging of malignant tumors because early diagnosis plays an important role in the better management of the patients. The patients having suspicion of gastric masses underwent double contrast upper GI examination, ultrasound examination with LOGIC 500 ultrasound scanning system, CT scan and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. A total number of 37 patients of different age groups were evaluated by these modalities. On basis of these investigations we found that in our setup there is no statistical difference between the sensitivity and specificity of barium meal examination and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in the diagnosis of a mass of gastric origin

Role of ultrasonography in clinically suspected cases of acute appendicitis

This study was conducted at CMH Rawalpindi to evaluate the diagnostic rate of ultrasonography in clinically suspected cases of acute appendicitis. In our study which was conducted from 1998 to 2000, a total number of 100 patients with the clinical suspicion of acute appendicitis were included. There were 47 male patients and 53 female patients. Male to female ratio was 1:1.12. The age of the patients ranged from 8 to 70 years. The subject were studied with Aloka SSD-630 machine equipped with 7.5 MMz short focused high resolution probe. A final diagnosis of appendicitis and allied appendix disorders was made in 72 patients while 26 patients were true negative. Out of 72 patients suffering from diseases of appendix, 63 patients had acute appendicitis. Out of 63 patients suffering from appendicitis, 56 patients had positive ultrasound examination for appendicitis. Ultrasound has shown the sensitivity of 88.8% in diagnosis of appendicitis while it has shown a specificity of 83.9%. We, therefore, conclude that the use of ultrasound helps to make prompt decision in suspected cases of acute appendicitis especially in patients at extremes of age, females of child bearing age and pregnant women and also in establishing alternate diagnosis, so it should be recommended as a routine screening method in suspected cases